David f



@uiten gisten atnt @ffice Letters Potent No. 79,859, dated July 14, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN PADLOGKS.

dlgs tlgthnle nin-*tet tu ist tigen tettni tjntent mrt mating tnt at tige stmt.`

TO vALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it-.knownv that I, DAVID F..RANDALL, of Chicopee, in the county of Hampden, and Commonwealth of .Massachusetts have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Padlocks; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, of whieh Figure 1 is a front elevation of said padlock.

Figure 2 is a side elevation. 4

Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section through the line V X, iig, 2.

Figure 4 is a similar section through the line Y Z, iig. 2.

Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a front elevation and plan of the key; and

`Figure 7 is a plan of the bolt.

The nature of my invention consists'ir constructing a padlock, of the kind known as springdocks, in such a manner as to combine strength,'simplicity, andthe property of excluding water from the interior. .Its strength consists in the' fact that the parts are few in number, and that the body of the padlock is east entire, in a single piece, thus avoiding the use of the side-pieces and rims generally used in forming the case of common pudlocks. The number of parte which I use to construct my improved padlock are six, viz, the body in one piece, the bolt, the spiral spring, and the shackle, together with a pin on which the shackle turns, and a small screw. i I v The arrangementsfor excluding water, and thereby rust and ice from the interior of the lock, consistin ieaviug but two openings into theinterior, one being at the key-hole, which opens downward, and therefore `is not exposed, andthe other at the joint where the bolt projects fromA its socket. The joint at= this latterpoint is made as close as possible, and the locking-end ofthe shackle is made to iit closely into its seat in the body of the lock, so that water is, for the most part, prevented from entering the lock, by the few openings, and the manner of guarding those openings. i

The construction of my invention is ns follows: The body of the lock consists ot' a key-tube, A, and boltsocket, S, whichinterseet in. the' form of a T, and rest upon a web or plate, and the ears E E F F. Asmall rim, a a, encircles the curved edge ofthe body, and'adds strength thereto. The projection of the key-tube AY is entirely on the front side of the web D, while thc holt-socket rests upon. the upper edgerof the web, and projects equally on either side thereof. The ears E E are formed upon theupper side of S, at one end, for receiving the heel ofthe shackle C, and with holes therein for the pin or rivet b, and the ears F F at the other end of S,

for receiving the locking-end of the shackle. Within the pai-tri, which I denominate a key-tube, is formedthe cylindrical opening G, extending from the bottom of the tube nearly t-o the upper end of 4A, and opening into the 'side of tlieholt-socket S. This bolt-socket Scontains a cylindrical opening, I Il, arranged at a right angle tothe key-passage G. A continuation of this opening frourL tol) isof less diameter, and forms a bearing for the rear end of thebolt B. Between the ears E E is a curved depression, which receives the end of the heel of the shackle. Between the ears F F the locking-end of the shackle descends into the seat M N U, the sides of which seat are smoothly'iinishedi The body of the lock is also made thicker' at J, to afford space for a secure seat for the locking-end of the shackle. I prefer to form the body ofthe lock of brass or other metal not easily corroded, to avoid the oxidation which occurs in the iron bodies of exposed padluoeks.

The bolt I3 is constructed of a cylindrical piece of iron or steel. A portion of one end, to the shoulder z'z', is of smaller diameter, and'a portion at the opposite end, frombthe shoulder ce, is also turned down to a. less diameter, to afford room for the spiral spring I-I coiled around it. The end is `charnfered off, or bevelled, as shown utf, so that the end of tbe shackle meeting it will slide -upon the inclined surfacef, and press the bolt back into the socket. g

. The rear end of the bolt slides in that portion of the socket between L and P. A portion of the b'olt, near the middle of one side, is serrutedby filing or cutting, sofas to leave the ridges t t t, which serve as the teeth of a rack, itting the teeth of a pinion eut upon the key, and hereafter described. A narrow slot, d, is cut in the bolt B, into which projects the end of the small screw or detentO. This detent enters an opening in the curved depression which receives the heel of the shackle, and has a male-screw thread eut upon a portion 'of its length, turning in a corresponding feinale-scre'w'tlu'ead cut in the face of the opening. A transverse slot in the head of the detent O serres for turning the detent into its seat,so that the top shall be flush with the surface of the curved`dcpression. Thisv detent, screwing tightly into its place, closes the opening at that point into the body of the lock, so that no water'ean enter the lock at that side.-

The length of the slot d is such that the detent O, projecting into it, will prevent the bolt from being thrown too far' out by the action of the spring II. lhe latter-is a spiral spring, made of wire, Vcf suchsize as toenter the space betweenthe smaller part of the bolt and the inside of the bolt-,socket One end ofthis spring engages with the bolt at the shoulders e v and the other end presses against the shoulders in the socket, at L Ii. The action of the spring will therefore tend to project the holtl forward from the socket as far as the slot d and detent O will allow. The por'tionf of the bolt should pr/otrude from the socket, and no mcre.

The shackle C is of the usual semicircular form, and rounded, except the heel and locking-end. Theend of the heel is shaped to it the curved depression between the ears E E, and the sides are squared to move -evcnly between such ears.' The shackle turns upon a pin or rivet, 7L, passing through an opening in the heel, and openings in the earsE E. The locking-end of the shackle is formed to it closely into its seat M N U, and the sides are smoothly finished to move' snugly between the cars F'F. I propose to form the joint which the locking-end of the shackle makes wit'h the body when in its seat, as close vas can be4 made without causing the moving parts to bind, in order to`p'revent water from entering at this point. A recess for the end,f, of the bolt is formed in the shackle at R. It will be seen that the arrangement of the parts about the locking-end of the shackle and its seat, is such that when the bolt is within the recess P., the shackle cannot be 4detached from the body of the padlock by removing thc rivet b, as the locking-end will 'still be held fast between the point U of the body and the lower part of F; l

The body of the lock may be cast solid, and the key-tube and bolt-socket afterwards drilled, or the latter may be formed when the body' is cast, by means of cores or chills, and afterwards fitted up. The web D may be perforated to give lightness to the structure of the body, thel essential parts of which are the key-tubev and bolt-socket, Arranged in a. {shape, however, they may be strengthened by a lweb .or rim. The bolt, vwith its 'encircling spring, is inserted in the bolt-socket, the dctent O isscrewed into place, the heel of the shackle C is placed between the ears E E, and secured-by thc 'pin or rivet Z), and the padlock is then in operative condition. When the locking-end ofthe shackle is pressed down into its seat, the bolt B will be forced back into the socket, until the opening R is opposite the end of the'bolt, when the portionf will, by-the action of the spring I-I, be -projeetedinto the recess R, and the shackle will be thereby locked in place.

Having described the construction of the padlock, 'it 'only remains to describe the key used with it, and shown in figs. 5 and 6. The key, consists of an eye, R, and elongated shank, T, a portion of which has uniform vlong gitudinal grooves cut upon it, leaving the parallel ridges t t t', which form the teeth of a pinion, and engage with the teeth formed upon the bolt B.

f lo unlock the shackle, therefore, the key is inserted until the teeth t t engage with the teeth t t on the side of the bolt, andV is then turned until the end of the boltfis disengaged from thereeess R in the shackle, when the locking-end of the shackle can be lifted from its seat, and the padlock is unlocked. n

` This lock isdesigned especially for use in vexposed positions, and under violent usage, as in the case of padlocks for freight-cars, and like applications, where great numbers of strong and duplicate p adloeks are in 4constant use. The formingof the body in one piece, strengthened by webs and rims, and the small number ofl parts employed to make :tn-operative padlock, are believed to ail'or'd great advantages in point of strength and simplicity. It is also well known that in the case of freig'lit-car-padlocks of the ordinary construction, many ,are annually {illed with solid ice from water penetrating the interior, and are then necessarily broken apart and destroyed :to obtain. access to the cars locked by them. The means I have employed and describedfor excludingwater, and the small water-space left in the intei'iorwherein ice can form, are intcnded'to obviate the trouble, delay, and expense incident to the use of -ordinary padlocks.

The 4elongated key-shank and key-tube are arranged fort-he purpose of removing the bolt as far as possible from the key-hole, that the same cannot be readily tampered with, or reached by false implements of any kind,

'I am'aware that a rack and pinion have been used for operating the bolt in locks, and do not claim such idevice as used apart from my described arrangement of other parts.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The arrangement of the dctent O in the curved depression beneath the heel 'of the shackle, so that the dctent cannot be removed without detaching the shackle from the body of the padlock, as set forth.

2. The combination of the padlock-body formed as described, slotted and serrated bolt spring H, detent O, and shackle C, with the elongated and ridged key-shank T, the whole constructed and operating substantially as described.

. D. F. RANDALL. Witnesses C. N. GILBERT, J. P. BUC'KLAND. 

